Thymosin Alpha-1

For Research Purpose Only

Thymosin Alpha-1 Peptide

Sceintific Overview and benefits 

Thymosin Alpha-1(TA1) is a thymic polypeptide implicated in immune modulation, primarily through T-cell differentiation and cytokine regulation. It is a component of Thymosin Fraction 5 and has been synthetically developed as Thymalfasin, a 28-amino acid derivative of Prothymosin Alpha.
Research suggests TA1 enhances major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression, promotes natural killer (NK) cell activity, and facilitates interleukin-2 receptor expression, potentially augmenting T-cell proliferation and immune responses. Studies indicate its role in cytokine-mediated inflammation, macrophage efficiency, and alpha thrombin activity modulation.
Clinical investigations into TA1’s applications include immune deficiencies, hepatitis, sepsis, HIV, and oncology. Its reported ability to influence virological response rates in hepatitis patients, mitigate sepsis-associated immunosuppression, and interact with molecular pathways regulating oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation underscores its therapeutic interest. However, further studies are needed to clarify its mechanistic actions and clinical viability.
Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1) has been investigated for its immunomodulatory potential in HIV and cancer research.
HIV Research
In a phase II clinical trial, TA1 was administered alongside HAART to 13 participants, while 7 received a placebo. Over 12 weeks, CD4/CD8 counts, CD45 levels, and sjTREC markers were monitored. While TA1 did not significantly alter T-cell populations, it was associated with increased sjTREC levels, suggesting possible thymic reconstitution without a notable impact on overall T-cell recovery.
Cancer Research
TA1’s influence on reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined in liver carcinoma models. It increased leukomonocyte ROS levels while reducing oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, potentially suppressing tumor proliferation via Akt pathway dephosphorylation.
In lung cancer (A549) cells, TA1 demonstrated anti-proliferative effects at 24–48 μg/mL, improved antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, SOD, GPx), and inhibited migration in a dose-dependent manner. Its role in oxidative stress modulation supports further research into its therapeutic applications.
TA1 is available exclusively for research and laboratory use. Please review our Terms and Conditions before proceeding.